Waste management is still a big challenge in Indonesia. According to national waste management information system data (SIPSN) Ministry of Environment and Forestry 2024, The number of national waste generations reaches 35,93 million tons per year with a new level of management around 67,88%. It means, there are still more than 11 million tons of garbage that has not been managed optimally every year. This fact shows the importance of innovation and efficiency in handling waste, especially through the use of specialized technology and equipment.
In operations in the final disposal site (TPA) and waste management projects, Heavy equipment plays an important role to speed up the process, increase effectiveness, and diminish manual workforce load. Each type of heavy equipment has a specific function, starting from excavation, transfer, compaction, to the distribution of waste to a wider area. This article will discuss the types of heavy equipment for handling waste, complete with the function and way of work. Let's discuss in more detail one by one!
1. Excavator
Excavators are one of the most commonly used heavy equipment in various sectors, including waste management. With long sleeves and bucket at the ends, Excavators are able to lift, dig, as well as moving large amounts of garbage.
At TPA, Excavator works to level up the pile of garbage, Move the material from one point to another, to help the process of separating large waste such as building debris or metal. The way it works is quite simple, The operator controls the boom and bucket to dig or lift the material, then move it to another location or to the top of the dump truck. Excavator efficiency makes it the backbone in the activity of transferring waste in large volumes.
2. Bulldozer
Bulldozer is known as a wide blade in the front that functions to push and level the material. In the context of waste management, Bulldozer is used to spread garbage evenly in the landfill area, while helping to level the land covering the trash.
The way it works is to use the high push power from the engine, Blade Bulldozer is able to shift waste in large volumes at once. The advantage lies in its ability to work in difficult terrain such as muddy areas or unstable garbage piles.
With the bulldozer, The landfill area can be arranged more neatly thereby reducing the risk of landslides and facilitating the compaction process.
3. Wheel Loader
The next type of heavy equipment for handling waste is wheel loader or often called a loader. This heavy equipment is equipped with a large bucket on the front that serves to load and move the garbage into the dump truck or other areas in the landfill. The speed of the wheel loader's work makes it ideal for moving light to medium materials in large quantities.
The way this tool works is the operator directs the bucket to take the material and then lift it to the destination location. Besides trash, Wheel Loader is also used to move cover soil or recycled material. The combination of efficiency and mobility makes this tool often used in landfills that have high vehicle traffic.
4. Landfill Compactor
Landfill compactor is a special heavy equipment designed for garbage compaction in the TPA. The shape resembles a dozer, but the iron wheel is equipped with large teeth (sheep foot) that works to crush and stimulate trash. Its main function is to reduce the volume of waste by repeatedly mourning it, so that the TPA capacity can be used more optimally.
The way this tool works is simple, by moving back and forth over the pile of garbage while the toothed wheel breaks the material and pressing the air in it. With maximum compaction, the risk of fire and odor pollution can be significantly reduced.
5. Dump Truck
The type of heavy equipment for the next waste management is dump truck, is the main means of transportation to transport waste from TPS (Temporary shelter) towards the landfill. Its capacity is quite large with a tub that can be lowered (dumping) making this tool efficient in the distribution of waste.
The way this tool works is a collection of garbage will be loaded into a dump truck using an excavator or loader, then transported to the disposal location. Arriving at the TPA, The back of the dump truck is lifted so that the garbage can be immediately lowered. Without using a dump truck, Large scale waste distribution will take a long time and higher transportation costs.
6. Backhoe Loader
The last heavy equipment for handling garbage is backhoe loader. This multifunctional tool combines two tools at once, namely the mini excavator on the back and loader on the front. Besides flexible, Usually used in landfills with limited areas or waste management projects in urban areas.
Quite a lot of functions that include excavation, appointment, loading, to cleaning the area around the landfill. The way it works is adaptive, the front is used to push and lift the material, while the back serves to dig or dredge. Backhoe loader's flexibility makes it the right choice for medium scale projects or waste management in locations with limited access.
Read Also: Garbage: Efficient solutions for waste management at the project location
Tips for Choosing Heavy Equipment for Waste Handling
After knowing the type of heavy equipment for handling waste, then how to choose the best heavy equipment to complete this project correctly?
The right selection will have an impact on work efficiency, operating costs, until the longevity of the TPA. If the tools used are not as needed, then the risk of damage, fuel waste, even the delay of the job will be greater.
Therefore, Let's understand a few factors before determining the most appropriate type of heavy equipment below.
1. Scale and volume of waste
The scale and volume of waste handled is a major factor in the selection of heavy equipment. If the TPA has a large capacity that receives thousands of tons of garbage every day, then large -sized tools such as bulldozer and landfill compactor are mandatory options because they are able to work with high thrust and compact waste in massive amounts.
However, for polling stations with smaller capacity or only serving limited areas, The use of mini excavators or backhoe loaders is much more efficient.
2. Type of waste handled
The type of waste handled also determines the choice of heavy equipment. Organic waste, lumpur, or wet material is easier to manage with excavators that have a special bucket so that the dredging process becomes faster. Meanwhile, for solid waste like hard plastic, metal, or building debris, Wheel Loader and Bulldozer are more effective because they are able to lift and encourage heavy materials in large volumes.
3. Land conditions
The land conditions where waste management is often different. In a narrow area, dense population, or limited road access, Backhoe Loader is the right solution because it is agile, multifunctional, and can be used in urban areas. On the contrary, If the TPA is in a large area with a severe or uneven contour, Bulldozer and landfill compactor are more suitable because they have large push and can work stable in difficult terrain.
4. Cost Efficiency
The cost factor is also very important when choosing a heavy equipment. In addition to rental prices or unit purchases, it needs to be taken into account fuel consumption, Routine maintenance costs, to operator needs. Small units are usually more fuel efficient, but it takes longer to complete a large volume of work.
On the contrary, Large units do require higher investment, but the work can be completed faster so that cost efficiency is achieved in the long run. So, Analysis of project requirements must be mature so as not to be miscalved in expenditure.
5. Technical support and spare parts
Technical support and the availability of spare parts are often neglected, Even though it is very crucial. Heavy equipment is a big investment, so if there is damage, downtime can cause significant losses.
Choose a heavy equipment provider which has a trusted after -sales service, experienced technician, And spare parts stocks that are easily accessible will minimize this risk. Therefore, operations continue to run smoothly without being hampered by technical problems that should be anticipated from the start.
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