Road construction has an important role in various aspects of human life. Not only to facilitate mobility, Road construction also helps move the economy and support infrastructure development. There are several types of road construction with different characteristics.
Of the many roads built in various regions, both urban and rural areas, every kind construction The road has their own specifications. For example between asphalt roads and concrete roads, there are differences in terms of material composition, shape, to its advantages and disadvantages.
To make road construction, The process involves a series of stages that are quite long. Through this article, Let's recognize what types of road construction, its function, as well as the stages of the process. Here are the types of road construction and its characteristics that are important for you to know.
1. Concrete road
Concrete road is a type of road construction that uses concrete material as the main material. Concrete made from a mixture of cement, air, rough aggregate, and fine aggregate, which is then printed at the location or mounted in the form of a precast concrete panel.
Concrete road construction is generally applied to highways and roads that require high durability because it is often crossed. The quality of concrete roads is influenced by the composition of materials made of asphalt binding materials and other materials.
On the highway with concrete construction sometimes road elevation needs to be increased when repairing the long road. In concrete road construction, The construction must also pay attention to the smoothness and waves of roads.
Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of concrete road construction:
Advantage
- The age of use is more durable.
- Stronger against water stagnation or floods.
- Road maintenance is fairly easier.
- Able to withstand the passing of vehicles with heavy loads.
- The surface is not slippery when it rains.
Deficit
- Development costs are greater than asphalt roads.
- His character is hard and dry, Especially during the dry season.
- Must increase the elevance of the road when repairs.
- Construction planning needs to take into account the capacity of passing vehicles.
- Road repair requires higher time and cost than asphalt roads.
2. Asphalt road
Asphalt road is a type of road that uses a mixture of hot and aggregate asphalt as the main ingredient. Asphalt functions as an aggregate binder so as to create a flat and flexible road surface.
This type of road construction is generally built for the main road and residential roads. If there is damage to the asphalt road, The repair is fairly easy. For example if the hollow part, then just dug and replaced with new asphalt in a damaged area.
Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of asphalt road construction:
Advantage:
- The road surface is smoother and not bumpy, so it feels comfortable for the driver.
- The dark asphalt road color creates a sense of security and psychological comfort.
- Usually a good drainage system is built.
- Maintenance and repair on damaged roads are fairly easier.
Deficit:
- Less resistant to standing water and lubricant spills.
- Not resistant to heavy loads, especially in vehicles such as trucks.
- Requires a good drainage system so that the road is not easily hollow.
- The shorter use or age of wear.
3. Road Paving Block
Road paving block is a type of road that was built using a concrete beam in the form of a hexagon, rectangle, or others. Composition paving block made from a mixture of cement concrete as a layer of its foundation and uses other binding materials.
The typical type of road mentioned block beton This is suitable to be built in a residential area, sidewalk, sidewalk, to the parking area. The road that wears paving block usually more interesting because it consists of various models, Starting from the color, shape, up to its size.
Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the type of road construction paving block:
Advantage
- Installation paving block Quite easy and does not require complex equipment.
- Can be re -installed after being dismantled.
- Its resistance is good enough to static loads and liquid spills.
- Puddles can soak because there are many gaps or pores.
- The shape looks neater.
Deficit
- Requires a fairly high initial fee.
- The surface is fairly coarser.
- The arrangement of the cartilage is not well installed.
- Easy to bumpy if the foundation is not strong.
- Not suitable for walking with fast passing
- Need regular maintenance.
4. The land of land and gravel
Dirt and gravel roads are the simplest type of road because the construction process is relatively easy, fast and do not need large equipment. This road construction is made from natural materials such as soil, gravel, or a broken stone.
This type of road construction is suitable for rural roads, park area, or temporary areas such as at the project location and so on. Because the material is simple and the relatively easy manufacturing process, The cost of building this road is lower.
Here are some advantages and disadvantages of land and gravel roads:
Advantage
- Does not require large development costs.
- Easy to build and improve.
- Material for manufacturing is easy to obtain.
- Environmentally friendly because it uses natural materials.
Deficit
- Require treatment so as not to erode or damage.
- Not suitable for heavy traffic.
- Prone to muddy during the rainy season.
- Gravel is easy to shift or shake.
- Cause dust or dirt.
5. Jalan Telford
Telford road is a type of road that uses more sophisticated construction methods than ordinary dirt roads. The construction of this road uses a more structured layer of gravel. The naming of this road construction uses the name Thomas Telford as a pioneer of the Telford road construction method.
The telephone layer has a function to continue the load above and move the load force partly sideways. This type of road construction is suitable to be built for local roads that have light to moderate traffic burden, like a road to plantation, Village Access Road, and others.
Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the type of Telford road:
Advantage
- More durable and stable than ordinary land.
- Able to withstand heavy vehicle loads better than ordinary dirt roads.
- The elevation system of the road foundation in the middle, so that water can flow out.
Weakness
- Less strong for high traffic with heavy loads.
- Requires special construction planning and techniques for its development.
Read Also: 4 Types of Construction Projects, Goals and Examples
What is the main function of road construction?
In general, The existence of road construction is useful to provide access or facilitate mobility in people's lives. But not just that, road construction also has various important functions in various aspects, Starting from the economy, social, and so on.
Here are some of the main functions of road construction that you need to know:
- Support transportation and connectivity between regions: People or vehicles can travel from one location to another more easily and efficiently.
- Ensure the safety and comfort of road users: Road users can cross more comfortably and safely thanks to adequate facilities.
- Increase logistics efficiency and economic activity: The distribution of goods can run more efficiently, So that helped boost economic growth.
- Help water and drainage management around the road: Good road construction helped maintain the smooth drainage system.
- Encourage regional growth: Allows regional development or development, and open investment opportunities.
- Supports the public transportation system and traffic safety: Supports the public transportation system by providing routes for vehicles.
Stages of Road Construction Work
Road construction requires various stages and processes that are not short. As a means of community access, Road construction needs to be planned carefully and professionally done to ensure its quality and durability.
The following are the stages of road construction work, starting from planning to the final stage:
- Location planning and survey: The contractor team conducted a survey and in -depth study of the area to be built, Starting from topography, the type of soil, to environmental conditions. This survey aims to determine the design of construction and materials needed.
- Land preparation: Project cultivators and the government carried out land acquisition to be built by the road. This process requires negotiations from several parties concerned.
- Excavation and pouring: Performing excavation of land or stones on the land to be built. Purpose is carried out so that the land surface becomes flat and stable for construction.
- Drainage making: Make drainage making so that the water in the road area can flow smoothly. With a good drainage system, The road will not be easily damaged and can be durable.
- Making road foundations: Using materials such as broken stones and gravel which are compacted to make a layer of road construction foundation.
- Work on the pavement layer: The process of making road layers on subgrade or foundation. The road pavement layer consists of several types of material, like land, pasir, gravel, and stone.
- Installation of supporting facilities: Installation of facilities such as road markings and other symbols to guide and ensure the safety of the rider.
Read Also: 6 Stages of Building Construction Projects According to the Indonesian Architects Association
Challenges in road construction
Road construction construction faces various challenges that can affect the success of the project. Here are some of the main challenges in the construction of road construction:
- Limited budget and work time: Construction project The road is often hampered by a limited budget and congested work time.
- Material quality that does not match the standard: The use of materials that do not meet standards can affect the durability and safety of the road.
- Unfavorable weather conditions: Extreme weather, like heavy rain or high temperatures, can interfere or slow down the construction process.
- Communication problems between project teams: Poor communication between the project team can cause errors in the implementation and decision making.
- Difficult terrain: Difficult project locations can complicate the construction process and increase operational costs.
- Environmental Impact: Road construction often has a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, Construction needs to be managed well to minimize the adverse effects.
- Unfavorable heavy equipment: Inadequate or obsolete use of heavy equipment can slow down the construction process and reduce work efficiency.
The use of quality heavy equipment plays an important role in ensuring the smoothness and efficiency of the road construction process. If you are in need of heavy equipment that is reliable and guaranteed safety for the project, PT Perkasa Sarana Utama (PSU) Ready to be your best tool rental solution.
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