How a building or infrastructure is created from initial planning to completion? Construction techniques are needed to design and build it to the final stage. Construction is a building arrangement that is designed in a structured and systematic manner so as to form a complete building.
Construction is not only high-rise buildings or office buildings. Wider still, an example of construction could be a bridge, road, power plants, and other facilities and infrastructure. In the realm of civil engineering and architecture, Construction is a building or infrastructure unit in one or more areas.
The construction process requires various stages and types of work, starting from planning and design, selection and processing of materials, to the installation or construction of building structures. Construction work requires experts or professionals in their field.
Therefore, It is very important to understand the science of construction to be able to carry out projects smoothly and with quality from start to finish final. Through this article, we invite you to understand what construction is, the types, and the main stages in a construction project.
Get to know what construction is
There are several definitions and understandings of what construction is that we need to know more about first. However, in essence, each understanding of construction is not much different, namely relating to processes or techniques in development.
The term construction comes from English ‘construction’ which means putting elements together systematically. According to the Britannica encyclopedia, Construction is a technique and industry that involves the erection of structures, especially places used for shelter.
Based on Building Construction Textbook for Interior Design written by Ir. Hartiningsi M.T, Construction is a form of building that consists of elements and is arranged systematically.
In the Law on Construction Services (UJK) Number 2 year 2017, Construction work is all or part of activities related to building techniques, operation, maintenance, demolition, and rebuilding a building.
So it can also be interpreted that construction is a development technique for designing and building infrastructure. Construction activities consist of the building process, maintenance, as well as improvements. The function of construction itself is to hold and arrange various structures in the building so that they are sturdy and suitable for use.
Construction work involves complex stages and requires professional discipline. So therefore, in the construction process of building buildings or other infrastructure, experts in the construction field will be needed. In general, Construction activities are supervised by the project manager, design engineer, or project architect.
So that the construction project is successful, Careful planning is very important. This process includes creating a design, calculation of project costs/budget, preparation of schedules, job security, material availability, logistics, and anticipating public disturbances. Besides that, Development projects must also consider environmental impacts or AMDAL.
4 Types of Construction and Examples
Forms of construction work that are commonly known to many people are building construction. However, there are actually various types of construction and processes, scope, as well as different needs.
Construction types can be divided into four, namely industrial building construction, engineering construction, building construction, and housing construction. The following is an explanation of the four types of construction and examples.
1. Industrial Building Construction (Industrial Construction)
Industrial construction is a planning process, planning, and construction of facilities and infrastructure specifically designed to meet industrial needs, manufacturing, or heavy production. This construction work usually involves large and complex facilities, so it requires special skills and techniques.
This type of construction includes building facilities that support manufacturing, production, and other industrial processes. In the process of working on the project, requires the use of special equipment and compliance with safety standards. Industrial construction aims to provide the infrastructure needed for the production of goods.
The following are examples of industrial building construction
- mineral mining
- Oil and gas industry
- manufacturing factory, such as the motor vehicle industry,
- hydroelectric power plant, nuclear, and others
- warehouse and distribution center
- and others
Industrial construction requires special requirements, especially in sectors such as oil, mining, clean energy, and others. To ensure the implementation goes smoothly, Experts are needed who have skills in using special technology.
In general, This construction requires in-depth planning that includes structural and architectural aspects, design and engineering design, functions and strict supervision. For example, projects such as building oil refineries or large-scale manufacturing plants require large teams, careful planning, as well as special technology.
2. Engineering Construction (Engineering Construction)
Engineering construction is a planning process, development, renovation, operation, and maintenance for buildings or infrastructure. Besides that, This construction also involves environmental management to support human life.
Infrastructure development involves creating public facilities and infrastructure needed by the wider community. Engineering construction projects can take the form of building bridges, road, tunnel, and airport. This infrastructure plays an important role in supporting connectivity, transportation, and community development.
The following are examples of engineering construction:
- road
- bridge
- dam
- airport
- railway line
- station
- harbor
- tunnel
- and others
Engineering construction projects are large in scale, so it takes a long time and costs quite a lot. In general, Engineering construction is divided into two categories, namely road construction and heavy construction.
The road construction process must be carried out systematically so that it can be completed according to the predetermined schedule. Implementation involves several stages, like digging, land filling, road paving, as well as creating drainage. This project is usually implemented by the Public Works and Spatial Planning Department in each region.
Meanwhile, heavy construction aimed at state utility projects, like a dam, installation of oil pipes, and public transportation routes. These projects are usually financed and supervised by the government, collaborate with state-owned contractors or private companies.
3. Building Construction (Building Construction)
Building construction is a building process designed to create buildings with various functions. This type of construction aims to provide facilities that can be used by the general public.
Building construction projects include the construction of institutional and commercial buildings. Usually these projects are run by individuals, group, or government agencies with the help of professional contractors to ensure its success.
The following are examples of building construction:
- office building
- hotel
- shopping center or mall
- school or campus
- hospital
- shophouse (shophouse)
- stadium or sports hall
- museum
- and others
The construction of a building is generally designed by architects and civil engineers. The materials used are more focused on architectural aspects. Based on cost and technology used, Building construction can be divided into low scale, secondary, and high.
High-scale construction produces office buildings, hospital, and shopping centers. For medium scale, examples are shophouses and schools. Meanwhile, Low-scale construction can take the form of buildings such as community health centers.
4. Residential Building Construction (Residential Construction)
Residential building construction is a development activity, renovation, or expansion of the house and new space for living. This type of construction includes various types of buildings, ranging from single houses to large-scale housing complexes.
The housing construction process can be carried out individually or en masse. However, housing projects are generally carried out en masse or simultaneously, complete with the provision of supporting facilities.
The following are examples of residential building construction:
- housing
- apartment
- villa
- condominium
- and others
Residential construction projects require an in-depth understanding of local building codes, zoning regulations, as well as the special needs of prospective residents. Therefore, working with a contractor experienced in this area is essential.
Housing construction does not only pay attention to the function and beauty of the house, but it also requires good infrastructure planning. The planning required includes clean water networks, water drainage system, electricity, as well as other supporting facilities.
Main Stages in a Construction Project
Construction projects generally take quite a long time, which can take months or years depending on the scale of the work. In construction projects, Work must also be carried out in a planned and detailed manner from the start, involving a number of stages.
Outline, The main stages in a construction project consist of three processes, namely planning and designing, construction work, as well as operations and maintenance. The following is an explanation of each stage of a construction project that you should know.
1. Planning and Design Stage
The first step in carrying out a construction project is planning. This planning is a key element in project management which aims to ensure the direction of project implementation and achievement of targets.
This stage includes creating a construction plan, building design, funding and budget arrangements, as well as processing permits from the authorities. At this level, Various construction documents and bureaucracy will be prepared, such as technical drawings and building specifications.
The design process is usually divided into three stages: preliminary design (pre planned), design development (development plan), and final design. Activities at this stage include completing the project design, check the technical aspects, and obtain final approval from the project owner.
2. Construction Phase (Implementation of Physical Development)
After the planning and design is approved, The next stage is to start physical construction. This process can begin when the agreement with the contractor has been signed and the Work Order (SPK) published. Construction is carried out based on the approved design.
The construction implementation stage includes planning, coordination, and control of all activities in the field. The process begins with job preparation, foundation construction, main structure, as well as the level of final settlement (finishing). The main objective of this stage is to realize the building according to the needs of the project owner.
3. Operational and Maintenance Phase
The final stage in a construction project is operations and maintenance. Operations begin when the building can function as intended. This stage also includes monitoring, where design and operations-related decisions are evaluated and improved.
In maintenance, activities carried out include compiling implementation data, building inspection, damage repair, preparation of operational instructions, as well as staff training to maintain and maintain the building. The aim of this stage is to ensure that the building complies with the contract and that all facilities function well.
Requires Safe and Reliable Construction Tools?
An important part of working on a construction project is the use of proper and quality construction tools. Construction heavy equipment needed to support various development processes so that they can run according to targets and get perfect results.
For those of you who are planning or working on a construction project, PT Perkasa Sarana Utama (PSU) providing safe and reliable construction tools. We are here as a specialist in renting quite complete construction equipment, good for this type of building construction, industry, technique, and housing.
Every heavy equipment we rent is equipped with legal documents such as SIO and SILO to ensure your work runs smoothly without any obstacles. We also guarantee that all heavy equipment is always in prime condition due to routine maintenance.
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A construction project is work that requires various stages and qualified equipment, So don't hesitate to use our rental services. Make your projects more efficient and timely with our best tools and expert team. Direct consultation or call CS Center 0811358378 or email rent@psualat Berat.com.
